Pollution in New York

Alberto A. Ortiz Bio 112 May 13, 2010 contamination is all around us, everywhere we go, every daytime we experience whatever sort of contaminant. Babies in the uterus argon more(prenominal) vulnerable than their mothers to desoxyribonucleic acid disparage from dividing line pollution, in spite of the additional breastplate that the placenta is thought to supply in removing toxins. In a mull oer of babies and their mothers in impertinent York City, scientists found that babies had salt away a relatively high amount of mutations, and they connected the mutations to vehicle emissions.The babies also had more toxins from secondhand take in than their mothers, who didnt pull down smoke. This information is listed in surroundal Health Perspectives. For m either historic period, scientists take a leak believed that a foetus may be more susceptible to toxins than an adult. Yet, stark naked research among a handful of large studies has screwingvas the genetic effects of p ollution. It is non known what the wellness effects of this DNA damage, if any, argon for peeledborns. Exposure to these types of pollutants and baccy smoke has been linked to increased risk for cancer in adults. This finding raises concern about fetal susceptibility and underscores the importance of reducing pass around pollution, says Frederica Perera, who direct the study at the Columbia Center for Childrens Environmental Health in new-sprung(prenominal) York City. The study included 265 pairs of nonsmoking African-American and Latina mothers and newborns in clean York City. The researchers stash away cord blood samples from the babies at the time of pitching and blood samples from the mothers a day after grownup birth.Mothers and newborns had the said(prenominal) level of DNA damage from air pollutants, but the researchers estimate that the fetus is exposed to a ten-fold lower dose of pollutants than the mother because the placenta serves as a filter. Thus, fetuses a ppear to be particularly susceptible to environmental toxins and may not be able to exculpate them from their bodies or repair damaged DNA. The finding that newborns had higher(prenominal) levels of cotinine, a byproduct of nicotine, in their blood than did their mothers reinforces he concern that babies are more affected by secondhand smoke. The scientists were able to measure the level of DNA damage from air pollutants in mothers and newborns by analyzing stretches of mutated DNA, called biomarkers, that feature been associated with exposure to diesel emissions and other air pollutants. In a previous study of Caucasian women and their newborns in Krakow, Poland, Perera and her colleagues found similar prenatal susceptibility to air pollution.Because New York City has much lower levels of pollution than Krakow, they wanted to see if the same damage occurred. New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has put forward legislation, which ordain provide the first comprehensive overhaul o f the New York City resound encrypt in over 30 years. Noise is the number one explosive charge to the Citys 311 citizen service hotline, currently averaging well 1,000 calls a day. The proposal provides a flexible environment to keep New Yorks businesses thriving season addressing the number one quality of life flush in New York.Mayor Bloomberg said that his new proposal, which was announced in June 2004, was the first overhaul of the Noise Code in over 30 years and would maintain the Citys vibrancy by balancing the need for bend, development and an exciting nightlife with New Yorkers well deserved right to peace and quiet. construct on the success of our enforcement initiative, Operation Silent Night, we are proposing a comprehensive revision to the noise enactment that go out make New York quieter and more liveable without stifling growth, the Mayor added.The new Noise Code will remove outdated rule sections and supplant them with ones that use the latest acoustic tech nology and will provide for flexible and reasonable enforcement. The new code provides updated and sensible means of limiting noise from social organization sites located near residential neighborhoods. By establishing like best management practices for all work sites, utilize expectanter discretion in granting permits for night and pass work and mandating noise management plans that include movable sound barriers, noise jackets for jackhammers at all construction sites the code will decrease noise pollution.Neighbors contribute special lotions after showering because their skin burns. Tests show that their beleaguer pissing system contains arsenic, barium, lead, manganese and other chemicals at concentrations federal official regulators say could contribute to cancer and damage the kidneys and dying(p) system. How can we get digital cable and lucre in our homes, but not clean weewee? said Mrs. Hall-Massey, a senior accountant at one of the states largest banks. She and her husband, Charles, do not live in some remote niche of Appalachia.Charleston, the state capital, is less than 17 miles from her home. How is this still misfortune today? she asked. When Mrs. Hall-Massey and 264 neighbors sued nine nearby coal companies, criminate them of putting dangerous waste into local water supplies, their lawyer did not stomach to look faraway for evidence. As required by state law, some of the companies had disclosed in reports to regulators that they were pumping into the ground illegal concentrations of chemicals the same pollutants that flowed from residents faucets.But state regulators never fined or punish those companies for breaking those pollution laws. The vast majority of those polluters have escaped punishment. State officials have repeatedly cut obvious illegal dumping, and the Environmental Protection Agency, which can prosecute polluters when states fail to act, has often declined to intervene. Because it is difficult to insure what causes diseases like cancer, it is impossible to know how many illnesses are the results of water pollution, or contaminants role in the wellness problems of specific individuals.But concerns over these toxins are great enough that Congress and the E. P. A. regulate more than coulomb pollutants through the Clean piss Act and rigorously limit 91 chemicals or contaminants in tease water through the Safe Drinking Water Act. Research shows that an estimated one in 10 Americans have been exposed to drinking water that contains dangerous chemicals or fails to meet a federal health bench mark in other ways. Those exposures include carcinogens in the tap water of major American cities and unsafe chemicals in drinking-water wells.Wells, which are not typically regulated by the Safe Drinking Water Act, are more likely to contain contaminants than municipal water systems. Because more or less of todays water pollution has no scent or taste, many people who shoot dangerous chemicals do no t realize it, even after they become sick, researchers say. The broadest definition of thermal pollution is the degradation of water quality by any process that changes ambient water temperature.Thermal pollution is usually associated with increases of water temperatures in a stream, lake, or ocean due to the venting of heated water from industrial processes, such as the generation of electricity. Increases in ambient water temperature also occur in streams where shading vegetation along the banks is removed or where sediments have made the water more turbid. both(prenominal) of these effects allow more energy from the sunbathe to be absorbed by the water and thereby increase its temperature.There are also situations in which the effects of colder-than-normal water temperatures may be observed. For example, the discharge of cold bottom water from deep-water reservoirs substructure large dams has changed the downstream biological communities in systems such as the Colorado River . http//www. controllingpollution. com/pollution/thermal-pollution/ http//www. nydailynews. com/topics/Noise+ taint http//www. dec. ny. gov/chemical/281. html http//www. nytimes. com/2009/12/17/us/17water. html